Taylor Boesiger, Ashley Earnest

France Sim Group Page

Global effects of industrialization

1. The continuing spread of industrialization beyond Europe and North America (TB)

   1. Industrialization in Russia promoted by tsarist government
      1. Between 1860 and 1900, built thirty-five thousand miles of railroads
      2. Finance minister, Sergei Witte, promoted industry
         1. Witte oversaw the construction of the trans-Siberian railroad
         2. Reformed commercial law to protect industries and steamship companies
         3. Promoted nautical and engineering schools
         4. Encouraged foreign investors
      3. By 1900 Russia produced half the world's oil, also significant iron and armaments
   2. Industrialization in Japan also promoted by government
      1. Hired thousands of foreign experts to establish modern industries
      2. Created new industries; opened technical institutes and universities
      3. Government-owned businesses then sold to private entrepreneurs (zaibatsu)
      4. Japan was the most industrialized land in Asia by 1900

2. The international division of labor (AE)

   1. Industrialization increased demand for raw materials
      1. Nonindustrialized societies became suppliers of raw materials
      2. Cotton from India, Egypt; rubber from Brazil, Malaya, and Congo River basin
   2. Economic development better in lands colonized by Europe
      1. High wages encouraged labor-saving technologies
      2. Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand: later industrialized
   3. Economic dependency more common in other countries
      1. Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and southeast Asia
      2. Foreign investors owned and controlled plantations and production
      3. Free-trade policy favored foreign products over domestic
      4. World divided into producers and consumers